Both Craig Liebenson and his multiple contributors have created a practical text to examine spinal rehabilitation. This multidisciplinary text integrates the fields of physical therapy, chiropractic, physiatry, and manual medicine. The rationale for the text is to provide an updated evidence-based functional and active self-care approach to musculoskeletal spinal pain. The combined expertise of the authors makes this text a valuable resource. A few of the contributors include Drs. Kirkaldy-Willis, Jull, Janda, Hodges, Bogduk, and McGill, Mooney, and Triano.

The text is well indexed and there is an excellent flow of material. There are 39 chapters, divided into 7 sections: Overview, Basic Science, Assessment, Acute Care Management, Recovery Care Management, Practical Application by Region, and Implementing the Functional Paradigm. Each section discusses some of the basic underlying theories and provides key information on clinical application. With the inclusion of the companion DVD, five sections outlining the correct application of rehabilitation techniques is provided. The sections include physical performance evaluation, sparing strategies, stabilization strategies, functional integrated training, and the Czech school of manual medicine. Each section of the DVD is comprised of numerous exercises and functional training protocols.

The premise of the first edition is carried forward into the second – focussing on psychosocial factors, active care, and outcomes. There are several new chapters which include a focus on diagnosis, functional assessment, and recovery care. The text highlights the importance of functional restoration and various rehabilitation methods are outlined. One of the major additions to the second edition is the companion DVD. This is an excellent adjunct which demonstrates the appropriate techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of spinal pain. This is an excellent tool to educate both clinicians and patients.

Although this is an updated edition, there are some chapters which have limited change from their previous counterparts. The layout of some of the chapters could be enhanced to visually separate concepts. Even though there are a multitude of illustrations and photographs, the use of occasional colour diagrams and photos would have been a welcome change to the new edition. Integrating active rehabilitation into the clinical management for musculoskeletal pain is essential. Overall, this book is highly recommended for any student or clinician interested in providing appropriate active rehabilitative care for spinal pain. The companion DVD is a valuable addition and both this and the text would likely be a frequently used reference.

What is Metaphysics ?

Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that studies the fundamental nature of reality, the first principles of being, identity and change, space and time, causality, necessity, and possibility. It includes questions about the nature of consciousness and the relationship between mind and matter, between substance and attribute, and between potentiality and actuality. The word “metaphysics” comes from two Greek words that, together, literally mean “after or behind or among [the study of] the natural”. It has been suggested that the term might have been coined by a first century CE editor who assembled various small selections of Aristotle’s works into the treatise we now know by the name Metaphysics (μετὰ τὰ φυσικά, meta ta physika, lit. ‘after the Physics ’, another of Aristotle’s works).

Metaphysics studies questions related to what it is for something to exist and what types of existence there are. Metaphysics seeks to answer, in an abstract and fully general manner, the questions:

1. What is there?
2. What is it like?

Topics of metaphysical investigation include existence, objects and their properties, space and time, cause and effect, and possibility. Metaphysics is considered one of the four main branches of philosophy, along with epistemology, logic, and ethics.

Rehabilitation of the Spine: A Practitioner’s Manual

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